Kharkivs

In Kharkiv, school starts beneath the city. Since 2024, pupils in Ukraine’s second-largest urban center have attended classes underground, a wartime adaptation to relentless Russian missile and drone strikes that has turned metro stations and purpose-built shelters into classrooms. Kharkiv sits roughly 30 kilometers from the front line. At the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022, the city was heavily bombed; today, air raid alerts still sound multiple times a day, sending a metronomic reminder of danger across a…

In a studio at Warsaw University of Technology, Irish and European architecture students are sketching a future for Kharkiv—Ukraine’s battered second city—one street, shelter and skyline at a time. Architecture students from the University of Limerick and University College Dublin have joined peers from Poland, the Czech Republic and Ukraine for a two-week “Building Back Better” workshop focused on post-war designs for Kharkiv’s recovery. Organized with the Kharkiv School of Architecture, the program has drawn more than 100…