Somalia’s federal authorities and the semi-autonomous Puntland state have clashed repeatedly over who has the final say on governance, elections, and the wider constitutional direction of the country. The dispute has continued even as Somalia faces security threats from Al-Shabab and economic pressure across the region. At the core of the tension is a political question: whether federal institutions should lead reforms and national decision-making in a way Puntland believes must be treated as constitutional and agreed by…