A Surge of Coups in Africa: Understanding the “Coup Belt”

Eight African countries are currently under military rule, an alarming situation that has intensified recently. Within just eight weeks, two successful coups and one foiled attempt have unfolded, raising concerns that a new dimension of instability is emerging in Africa’s political landscape. This phenomenon has led to the emergence of a “coup belt” stretching across the continent, particularly concentrated in the predominantly French-speaking Sahel region.

Jakkie Cilliers, founder of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), emphasizes that rapid population growth in the region is a primary trigger for this instability. He notes, “Many young people, particularly young men who are primarily responsible for instability, are increasingly well educated, but there are no jobs and no opportunities. And that is a very volatile situation.”

This demographic challenge is compounded by a variety of other “structural drivers.” Cilliers points to security crises and tensions surrounding elections, which raise the stakes dramatically, “particularly when incumbents try to extend power or where institutions are weak.”

The situation is not entirely bleak, however. Beverly Ochieng, a researcher at the U.S.-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Dakar, highlights the lessons that can be learned from the failed coup in Benin. She notes that when governments and regional communities act quickly and decisively, they can thwart attempts at military takeovers.

Many observers argue that immediate action and collaboration among African nations are critical to addressing the roots of this instability. Strengthening democratic institutions, creating job opportunities, and ensuring fair electoral processes can help curb the tide of military interventions. Ochieng emphasizes, “It is imperative for African leaders to understand the significance of proactive governance and to mitigate the conditions that foster unrest.”

The consequences of these coups extend far beyond the immediate political realm. They disrupt economic and social conditions, engendering further instability. Countries under military rule face international isolation, reduced foreign investment, and strained relationships with neighboring nations. As the “coup belt” spreads, it leaves a trail of unrest that can have regional and global repercussions.

The international community, particularly Western nations, also has a role to play in this evolving situation. Comprehensive strategies focusing on economic development and democratic governance in the Sahel region could provide a stabilizing force. Experts argue that diplomatic engagement, rather than strictly punitive measures, may yield more sustainable results in promoting peace and democracy.

As tensions rise and the frequency of coups increases, the need for a concerted effort to address the underlying issues in the Sahel becomes increasingly urgent. African nations must collaborate, alongside international partners, to foster conditions that deter military intervention and promote lasting stability.

The emergence of a “coup belt” in Africa calls for renewed vigilance and action. Understanding the causes and consequences of this troubling trend is critical not only for the nations affected but also for the global community aiming to support stability and democracy across the continent.

In conclusion, while the situation remains precarious, opportunities exist for constructive action. With strategic interventions and a commitment to governance that emphasizes equity, opportunity, and democratic integrity, a brighter future for the Sahel region can be forged. However, the window for change is narrow, and the time to act is now.

By Omer Aden
Axadle Times international–Monitoring.