As Somalia evolves, the humanitarian system must adapt accordingly.
A peek into the bustling grain bazaar of Mogadishu, dated April 7, 2024. Years of relentless clashes and lengthy dry spells have plunged Somalia into an unyielding hunger crisis, one of the harshest on the globe. Arab World Press via Reuters Connect
CAMBRIDGE/MOGADISHU/NAIROBI – Somalia wrestles with outdated assistance schemes rooted in a narrative painting its troubles as ceaseless. Yet, the nation is paving a route towards greater stability and robust governance. The journey is far from over, impeded by humanitarian frameworks that often hinder rather than help.
Achieving peace and instituting a functioning state is particularly tricky. As one peacebuilding practitioner remarked during our research interview, “Working with humanitarians is a downright headache.”
For decades, conflict, recurrent famines, and hunger have haunted Somalia. International efforts to address its humanitarian needs surged following the 2011 famine that claimed over 240,000 lives. Although Somalia has evolved significantly, humanitarian systems have stubbornly remained unchanged.
Expansions in humanitarian aid often destabilize peacebuilding, weaken civil organizations, and deepen international aid dependencies instead of strengthening state functionality.
Today, crucial local peace initiatives teeter on the brink of futility because aid operations constantly disrupt societal, economic, and governmental ecosystems. The aid paradigm hampers grassroots efforts by becoming an obstacle rather than a supplement to state actions.
Despite buzz around the humanitarian-development-peace nexus aimed at melding urgent aid with long-term recovery, real integration has been a slow dance in Somalia. Although international and local civil society operators talk the conflict-sensitivity lingo, paramount structural issues remain inadequately tackled.
Fortifying the state is essential for fostering resilience among citizens. It’s imperative that global aid agents pivot from overshadowing to bolstering Somalia’s competent civil society – else they risk drifting toward inaction and apathy.
Volatility in funding shatters progress
The erratic patterns in humanitarian support to Somalia stand as stark barriers to peacebuilding efforts.
A casual glance at yearly United Nations-endorsed aid plans highlights the chaos: Financial backing for humanitarian projects can double or shrink dramatically, impacting 10-20% of the nation’s GDP. A case in point: In 2017, aid ballooned, but by 2023, it plummeted by half.
Such instability is daunting for any nation, especially one juggling intricate peace and conflict resolution amid climate calamities. Imagine the U.S. economy seeing a 10-20% GDP volatility—equivalent to trillions—compared to its sprawling $6 trillion budget.
Impact on community peace initiatives?
In May 2018, the Centre for Peace and Democracy in Somalia facilitated a fragile reconciliation in Galkayo, near Ethiopia’s border, between feuding factions. Dialogue sessions extending over multiple days build relations over time; peace slowly takes shape, then, urgently delivered humanitarian aid interrupts this delicate balance.
Amidst another drought, humanitarian groups braced for aggressive intervention. Disputes over water access between clans heightened tensions, potentially igniting violence. Long-term engagement and dialogue among elders are crucial to peacebuilding, but their engagement can be disrupted once aid calls for immediate action, forcing elders to prioritize relief distribution.
The harmony painstakingly crafted during reconciliation eroded, resuming hostilities. Humanitarian crew dashed in and out, albeit unaware of their interventions’ repercussions.
Such disruptions persist across Somalia, intensifying when humanitarian operations experience abrupt growth or decline, especially where surroundings are perilous. International actions face similar funding inconsistency but impacted less, being anchored in relatively secure urban locales.
Though these funding dynamics reflect shifting humanitarian demands, the strategy is reactive, disrupting the continuum of peacebuilding work. The repetitive urgency leaves local institutions struggling with coherence and progression.
Local initiatives understand how aid must mesh with peacebuilding. Yet, the global aid approach remains splintered, overlooking how emergency assistance might undercut persistent stability efforts.
Aid organizations often recruit from local groups, exacerbating challenges. This dynamic triggers a cycle where grassroots entities become exhausted rather than empowered through humanitarian expansions.
Aid alienates citizens from the state
With Somali state governance improving, questions about prolonged international oversight in humanitarian endeavors are escalating. Historically, both global and contracted Somali nongovernmental bodies have supplied basic services, inadvertently creating a rift between the populace and the governing body.
Despite prior necessity, international contributors clinging to these roles undermines the potential growth of domestic governing institutions. The broader aid sector has witnessed this before—in nations ranging from Cambodia to Kenya.
Thanks to measures like debt clearance achieved this year, Somalia demonstrates strides in governance, earning substantial World Bank budget backing while fulfilling an array of criteria. Although challenges such as continued insurgency and aid misuse persist, there’s progressive momentum toward a stabilizing environment and enhanced state involvement.
Somali social players stress: Government involvement is vital for achieving sustainable peace, growth, and reducing humanitarian needs. Movements like The Nexus Consortium, a collective of Somali entities propelling integrated initiatives and strategic foresights, continues to echo the call for systemic transformation, albeit tangible advancements remain slow.
A renewed focus on state affairs must dialogue with the looming quandary: The variability and extent of fluctuating humanitarian funding in Somalia is unmanageable for any national administration.
Breaking free from boom-bust cycles
Somalia’s dual demands for humanitarian and developmental aid aren’t going away anytime soon. It’s not as simple as baking a recipe for lasting societal healing and progress, yet maintaining the current state of affairs is neither pragmatic nor feasible.
Long-lived, steady funding anchors institutional stability and facilitates coherent peace-building processes. Ensuring predictability in humanitarian budgets means adjourning stop-gap solutions and adopting synergy with state roles.
Though prolonged, crises need not perpetuate emergency methods indefinitely. Somalia is evolving. The global aid regime must now follow suit.
Originally published by The New Humanitarian, this article offers insights into the complex dynamics at play in Somalia’s journey toward a self-sustaining future and the role of humanitarian interventions therein.
Dustin Barter, a senior researcher at the Humanitarian Policy Group, centers his work on renovating humanitarian systems and leads initiatives fostering state-directed crisis management.
Mohamed Yarrow, as Executive Director at the Centre for Peace and Democracy, spearheads expertise in peacebuilding.
Albashir Ibrahim, rocking the helm at the Organization for Sustainable Development Africa, champions sustainable advancement across the African expanse.
Edited by: Ali Musa
alimusa@axadletimes.com
Axadle international–Monitoring