The Crossroads of Somali Democracy: A Nation in Turmoil
In a poignant statement, former Somali Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khaire sounded the alarm on the state of Somalia’s democracy, critiquing President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s administration as it nears the end of its term. Khaire’s statement is not merely an electoral critique; it is a reflection on the broader struggle for governance, legitimacy, and cohesion in Somalia—a nation perpetually navigating the delicate landscape of post-conflict reconstruction.
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Democracy in Crisis
Three years into President Hassan Sheikh’s leadership, Somalia finds itself at a crucial juncture. The promise of a federal system crafted under the provisional constitution of 2012 has, according to Khaire, been thwarted by unilateral changes that undermine the democratic consensus. “The President’s personal will has replaced national consensus,” Khaire argues, encapsulating the growing fears of autocratic tendencies within the government.
This crisis is particularly disheartening given Somalia’s historical context. Thirty-five years ago, the nation witnessed the collapse of its statehood when a ruler similarly disregarded democratic principles. Today, with approximately eight months left in President Hassan Sheikh’s term, the absence of a clear agreement on federal elections poses a tangible threat to the country’s political stability.
Federal Tensions and Fragmentation
The fabric of Somali federalism is fraying as relations between the central government and federal member states, such as Puntland and Jubbaland, deteriorate. Khaire points to these strained relations as a catalyst for political fragmentation and uncertainty, endangering national unity. The impact is evident in regions like Gedo, where Somali forces, trained to combat extremist threats, find themselves in internal conflict—an ironic twist on their intended mission.
Economic Hardship and Displacement
The economic landscape presents yet another hurdle. With markets stagnant and entrepreneur confidence dwindling, Somali businesses are increasingly seeking opportunities abroad. This exodus is mirrored by families fleeing the nation’s grim realities and youth undertaking perilous journeys across the sea—indicative of a widespread disillusionment with prospects at home.
Moreover, Khaire highlights a troubling trend of land appropriations, where public lands are allegedly sold on the black market and families evicted. This phenomenon isn’t solely about land; it’s emblematic of governance issues and the misuse of state power, deepening societal divisions.
International Dependence and Misconduct
Despite Somalia’s rich historical and cultural tapestry, it remains heavily reliant on international aid, with 67% of the national budget fueled by foreign donors. Yet, trust in the current administration is waning as donors reassess their commitments. Corruption allegations and the failure to execute development projects have resulted in nearly half a billion dollars being unutilized, casting doubt on the effective use of international funds.
This dependency is set against the backdrop of shifting global dynamics that demand prudent engagement and reform. The loss of funding for crucial African Union peacekeeping missions threatens to exacerbate security concerns, compounding the nation’s vulnerabilities.
The Path Forward
Khaire’s call for President Mohamud to step down invokes a broader reflection on leadership and accountability. “What we together rejected in your predecessor, we will also reject from you,” he states—a plea not just for change, but for a restoration of integrity in governance.
This narrative of urgency transcends Somali borders, resonating with global audiences familiar with the delicate dance between power and democracy. As the world watches Somalia at this pivot point, the international community faces a poignant question: How can it support a nation on the brink, fostering resilience rather than dependency?
The road to stability will require navigating complex social, political, and economic landscapes with a commitment to inclusivity and transparency. As Somalia approaches its electoral crossroad, it has the chance to redefine its trajectory—promoting unity over division, innovation over stagnation, and democracy over autocracy.
In this fraught moment, Somalia’s narrative is a microcosm of the wider global challenge: maintaining democratic values amid shifting politics. For a country with enduring strength and resilience, the next steps could indeed forge a path of renewed hope and transformation.
By Ali Musa
Axadle Times international–Monitoring.
